ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of surveillance results of public health emergencies of communicable diseases in Shenzhen from 2016 to 2020. Methods The data of public health emergencies in Shenzhen from 2016 to 2020 were derived from National Public Health Emergency Reporting Management Information System, the occurrence characteristics of epidemic outbreak were analyzed by disease types, regions and institution types, and SPSS 22. 0 was used for statistical analysis. Results The events of COVID-19 reported in 2020 were excluded,a total of 233 public health emergencies of for communicable diseases were reported, with 6 271 cases and 2 deaths were reported in Shenzhen from 2016 to 2020. The attack rate was 3. 87%, and the fatality rate was 0. 03%. The highest prevalence rate was 5. 20% in 2018. There were 164 clustered epidemic events, accounting for 70. 39% of the total information related to public health emergencies, involving 7 types of communicable diseases. Chicken pox (100 incidents,3 565 cases) and infectious diarrhea (41 incidents, 1 491 cases) were the found to be the most common diseases, accounting for 60. 98% and 25. 00% of the total clustered epidemic events, respectively. There were 78. 45% of the clustered events of respiratory communicable diseases occurred in primary schools, and 58. 33% of the clustered events events of intestinal diseases occurred in kindergartens. The difference was statistically significant in the composition ratio of the two kinds of communicable diseases in kindergartens, primary schools, middle schools, high schools, colleges and universities and other places. Conclusion A comprehensive prevention and control strategy should be adopted. The comprehensive control strategies should be formulated from aspects including the reduction of population susceptibility, implementing of early reporting and school suspension measures, monitoring of epidemic strains, and strengthening of personal hygiene protection habits for communicable diseases with high risk among different populations. © 2022, Editorial Department of Medical Pest Control. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the strategies on COVID-19 outbreak control in Shenzhen, and to clarify the feasibility of these strategies in metropolitans that have high population density and strong mobility. Methods: The epidemic feature of COVID-19 was described by different phases and was used to observe the effectiveness of intervention. Hierarchical spot map was drawn to clarify the distribution and transmission risk of infection sources at different time points. The Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Asymptomatic-Recovered model was established to estimate case numbers without intervention and compare with the actual number of cases to determine the effect of intervention. The positive rate of the nucleic acid test was used to reflect the risk of human exposure. A survey on COVID-19 related knowledge, attitude and behaviors were used to estimate the abilities of personal protection and emergency response. Results: The epidemic of COVID-19 in Shenzhen experienced the rising, plateau and decline stage. The case number increased rapidly at the beginning, with short duration of peak period. Although the epidemic curve showed human-to-human transmission, the "trailing" was not obvious. From the spot map, during the intervention period, the source of infection was widely distributed. More cases and higher transmission risk were observed in areas with higher population density. After the effective intervention measures, both infection sources and the risk of transmission decreased. After compared with the estimated case numbers without intervention, actual number proved the COVID-19 control strategies were effective. The positive rate of nucleic acid test for high risk populations decreased and no new cases reported since February 16. Shenzhen citizens had high knowledge, attitude and behavior level, and high protection ability and emergency response. Conclusions: Although the response initiated by the health administration department played a key role at the early stage of the epidemic, it was not enough to contain the outbreak of COVID-19. The first-level emergency response initiated by provincial and municipal government was effective and ensured the start of work resumption after the Spring Festival. Metropolitans like Shenzhen can also achieve the goals of strategies and measures for containment and mitigation of COVID-19.